The Changing Definition of Jihad Essay -- Jihad, Terrorism, Terrorists

Jihad and the Crusades Each extraordinary chronicled second, pioneer and religion is engaged around a joining impact. Saladin, an extraordinary Kurdish Muslim warrior during the hour of the Crusades, and the Muslim militaries utilized the lesser, or fierce jihad to brace backing and force in the Holy Lands. All through the eleventh and twelfth hundreds of years the term â€Å"jihad† was utilized in a few distinct settings with fluctuating implications and expectations. Saladin utilized an ideal definition and translation of Jihad so as to join the Muslims and make an enormous armed force to shield Islam from the Christian Crusaders. So as to totally comprehend the word, its sources, and its uses, the first sections from the Qur’an must be dissected and deciphered. Islam, as a confidence, should be quiet and lectures inward quality. Savagery of any sort is in direct inconsistency to the lessons of Mohammad and the Islamic confidence. The main special case in utilizing viciousness is on account of a pronounced jihad, or sacred war for the security of Islam. The purposes behind this special case for brutality and its legitimate uses are dubious in that there is little consolation that Allah would bolster or deny support for a war. Anyway obviously the significance and utilization of jihad was controlled during the Crusades to serve Islam, as it tends to be contended that Saladin battled not for Allah, however severely towards the Christians and to ensure and develop his own riches and grounds. In the current day the term jihad is utilized increasingly more in the press anyway the significance of the word has increased an inexorably savage meaning after some time. While jihad has been adulterated after some time it’s birthplaces seem, by all accounts, to be unadulterated and sincere to the Islamic confidence. The history and birthplaces of jihad are found in the Qur’an and the lessons of the Prophet Mohammad who kicked the bucket in 632 AD. All through the Qur’an there are a few references to jihad as an individual and inward battle to improve as a individual. The Islamic confidence depends on making progress toward an actual existence that is commendable in God’s eyes. An individual jihad is fundamentally the battle to maintain a strategic distance from allurements and remain on the privilege way to salvation and for God, which is the thing that the prophet Mohammed lectured for an incredible duration. One researcher composes, â€Å"Muslims for quite a long time have locked in themselves and the world in quest for internal jihad. This has been their method of ... ...an inward battle to follow the lessons of Islam stays a guiding principle in Muslim confidence. While Saladin’s translation of Jihad changed the religion of Islam, it was not close to as radical as the current day adjustments. Works Cited Gabrieli, Francesco and E. J. Costello, trans. Middle Easterner Historians of the Crusades. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1969. History of Jihad. News on Terror. News on Terror, 04/15/2010. Web. 15 Apr 2010. . Ibn Al-Qalanisi. The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades. Trans. H. A. R. Gibb. London: University of London Historical Series V, 1932. Inward Jihad. The Canadian Society of Muslims. 3/29/10 canada.org/jihadshahid.html>. Jihad: Holy Struggle or Holy War. CARM. 3/29/10 blessed war>. The Hoy Bible. Overhauled Standard Version. New York, NY: Meridian, 1962. The Qur'an (Oxford World's Edition, overhauled 2008 soft cover release) Usamah ibn Munqidh. An Arab-Syrian Gentleman and Warrior in the Period of the Campaigns. Trans. P. K. Hitti. New York: Columbia University Press, 1929. The Changing Definition of Jihad Essay - Jihad, Terrorism, Terrorists Jihad and the Crusades Each extraordinary chronicled second, pioneer and religion is engaged around a joining impact. Saladin, an extraordinary Kurdish Muslim warrior during the hour of the Crusades, and the Muslim militaries utilized the lesser, or fierce jihad to brace backing and force in the Holy Lands. All through the eleventh and twelfth hundreds of years the term â€Å"jihad† was utilized in a few distinct settings with shifting implications and goals. Saladin utilized a great definition and understanding of Jihad so as to join the Muslims and make a monstrous armed force to safeguard Islam from the Christian Crusaders. So as to totally comprehend the word, its birthplaces, and its uses, the first sections from the Qur’an must be broke down and deciphered. Islam, as a confidence, should be tranquil and lectures inward quality. Brutality of any sort is in direct logical inconsistency to the lessons of Mohammad and the Islamic confidence. The main special case in utilizing savagery is on account of a pronounced jihad, or blessed war for the insurance of Islam. The explanations behind this exemption for viciousness and its appropriate uses are disputable in that there is little consolation that Allah would bolster or deny support for a war. Anyway obviously the significance and utilization of jihad was controlled during the Crusades to support Islam, as it tends to be contended that Saladin battled not for Allah, yet severely towards the Christians and to ensure and develop his own riches and grounds. In the current day the term jihad is utilized increasingly more in the press anyway the importance of the word has increased an inexorably brutal undertone after some time. While jihad has been degraded after some time it’s beginnings give off an impression of being unadulterated and ardent to the Islamic confidence. The history and starting points of jihad are found in the Qur’an and the lessons of the Prophet Mohammad who passed on in 632 AD. All through the Qur’an there are a few references to jihad as an individual and internal battle to improve as a individual. The Islamic confidence depends on making progress toward a real existence that is commendable in God’s eyes. An individual jihad is fundamentally the battle to maintain a strategic distance from enticements and remain on the privilege way to salvation and for God, which is the thing that the prophet Mohammed lectured for an amazing duration. One researcher composes, â€Å"Muslims for a considerable length of time have locked in themselves and the world in quest for inward jihad. This has been their method of ... ...an internal battle to follow the lessons of Islam stays a basic belief in Muslim confidence. While Saladin’s understanding of Jihad changed the religion of Islam, it was not close to as radical as the current day changes. Works Cited Gabrieli, Francesco and E. J. Costello, trans. Middle Easterner Historians of the Crusades. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1969. History of Jihad. News on Terror. News on Terror, 04/15/2010. Web. 15 Apr 2010. . Ibn Al-Qalanisi. The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades. Trans. H. A. R. Gibb. London: University of London Historical Series V, 1932. Internal Jihad. The Canadian Society of Muslims. 3/29/10 canada.org/jihadshahid.html>. Jihad: Holy Struggle or Holy War. CARM. 3/29/10 heavenly war>. The Hoy Bible. Reexamined Standard Version. New York, NY: Meridian, 1962. The Qur'an (Oxford World's Edition, reexamined 2008 soft cover release) Usamah ibn Munqidh. An Arab-Syrian Gentleman and Warrior in the Period of the Campaigns. Trans. P. K. Hitti. New York: Columbia University Press, 1929.

Why They Merged and Why the Merger Was Unsuccessful

In 1997 University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) consolidated its two open emergency clinics with Stanford’s two private medical clinics. The two separate elements combined to make a not-revenue driven association titled UCSF Stanford Health Care. The merger between the wellbeing frameworks at UCSF and Stanford appeared to be a smart thought because of the comparable missions, vicinity of establishments, expanded budgetary weight with reductions in Medicare repayments followed by an emotional increment in oversaw care organizations.The first year UCSF Stanford Health Care created a benefit of $22 million, anyway three years after the fact the wellbeing framework had lost an aggregate of $176 million (â€Å"UCSF-Stanford Merger,† n. d. ). The initial segment of this paper will address reasons why the two establishments chose to seek after the merger by glancing through the hypothetical focal point of limited soundness, prospect hypothesis and asset reliance hypothe sis (RDT). The second 50% of the paper will reason reasons why the merger was fruitless by considering key ideas in hierarchical conduct, for example, force and culture.The compromising and unsure monetary occasions drove the pioneers to choose the alternative that they accepted amplified their odds for endurance. The hypothesis of limited levelheadedness, proposed by Herbert A. Simon, proposes that individuals are to a great extent restricted by time, data and psychological limitations(Simon, 1997). The merger between the two clinical schools appeared to bode well, the two foundations shared a typical crucial treating the uninsured, preparing the up and coming age of creative specialists, and stay at the cutting edge of breaking examination and technology.Since both would have been seeking progressively rare assets, uniting seemed well and good. Together they would have the option to decrease spending on managerial expenses, and more ready to arrange contacts with huge protection c ompanies(â€Å"UCSF-Stanford Merger,† n. d. ). Simon recommends that individuals, limited by time, subjective capacity and data, are bound to settle on acceptable choices as opposed to ideal ones(Simon, 1997).Instead of centering time and vitality sketching out potential approaches to stay separate among the moving installment structure UCSF and Stanford, both constrained by time and dreadful of the potential misfortunes, consented to blend. The merger was UCSF and Stanford’s approach to relieve hazard and oversee vulnerability. Prospect hypothesis is a social financial hypothesis created by Daniel Kahneman that holds that individuals are bound to face higher challenges when choices are encircled in negative terms(Kahneman and Tversky, 1979). Despite the fact that mergers are intricate and hazardous the approaching apprehension of diminished repayments made the pioneers center around the advantages of merging.Kahneman contends that individuals don't put together their choices with respect to ultimate results, rather they base their choices on the potential estimation of misfortunes and gains(Kahneman and Tversky, 1979). Rather than breaking down the danger of the merger, authority concentrated on the additionally squeezing trouble, the main concern. To remain alive in the period of oversaw care, college emergency clinics the nation over were looking for mergers with private medical clinics. Computations indicated that medical clinics lost $4 million yearly for every 1 percent drop in repayment tolerant population(Etten, 1999).Since the 1990’s, reimbursement protection was on an uncommon decrease in San Francisco opening the market for oversaw care organizations(Etten, 1999). RDT takes a gander at how the conduct of associations is influenced by their outside assets. The hypothesis, realized during the 1970s, addresses associations interest for assets, assets and force are straightforwardly linked(Pfeffer and Salancik, 2003). RDT holds that associations rely upon assets in this way converging, because of expanding asset shortage, engaged both institutions(Pfeffer and Salancik, 2003).On paper, the merger between these two organizations seemed well and good †the two foundations were near each other and vieing for reducing assets. Together they could diminish authoritative expenses and unite to haggle with enormous insurance agencies. The need to make another culture and break down generally existent force battles were two enormous errands that should have been tended to so as to guarantee an effective merger. Be that as it may, the manner by which the merger was composed didn't prompt a fruitful merger.UCSF Health Care didn't invest satisfactory energy making a mutual culture in which the two associations would see one joint association with shared force (assets). On paper the two associations consented to share power, anyway the two gatherings conduct demonstrated something else. Dr. Rizk Norman, co-seat of the co nsolidated doctor gathering of UCSF and Stanford workforce, validates that neither one of the institutions was ever agreeable enough to share budgetary information(â€Å"UCSF, Stanford emergency clinics just too different,† n. d. ). UCSF didn't completely uncover their monetary concerns with respect to one of their sinking medical clinics, while Stanford was additionally liable of ithholding data (â€Å"UCSF, Stanford emergency clinics just too different,† n. d. ). Converging into one ought to wipe out the feeling of two separate substances, anyway insufficient was done to shape the merger so that office and staff felt like equivalent accomplices. Loyalties existed inside the association, starting at the top with the Board of Directors. Basically the board was part between seven Stanford board individuals and seven USCF board individuals and three non divided individuals, anyway loyalties to ones specific establishment never dissolved(â€Å"UCSF-Stanford Merger,† n. d. ).As sketched out, RDT, holds that associations rely upon assets, which begin from their condition. Assets are an associations power used to contend in their condition. The two wellbeing frameworks shared a situation, consequently contended with each other for power (assets) (â€Å"UCSF-Stanford Merger,† n. d. ). Since Stanford was a revenue driven association, they held progressively financial control over UCSF. Pfeffer and Salancik contend that the best approach to tackle issues of vulnerability and reliance is to expand coordination, all the more explicitly, to increment shared control of each other’s activities(Pfeffer and Salancik, 2003).Had the two organizations worked from the earliest starting point to build coordination and correspondence between the two establishments the merger may have more changes in succeeding. Expanded coordination between the two organizations could have lead to the making of a solid culture. Culture is the common conviction, de sires and qualities shared by individuals from an association. (â€Å"Leading by Leveraging Culture †Harvard Business Review,† n. d. ). Utilizing another culture begins from the top, the board must model as per the new culture.This was not done at UCSF Stanford Health Care because of existing loyalties. Adding to the way of life battle, the establishments were far enough away from each other to justify concern. For an association to stream easily, clear correspondence channels should be built up. Without open correspondence and coordinated effort a common culture can't develop. Frail societies hurt the work environment by expanding wasteful aspects that lead to expanded expenses. UCSF Health Care model starting from the top to make a common culture.Had authority invested satisfactory energy tending to approaches to break up existing force battles, and making a mutual culture that would set the establishment to accomplish another common vision, the merger could have been effective. Connecting with pioneers in making a key intend to combine two separate existing societies would have urged them to show backing and disintegrate power battles. Common assets, open correspondence and a culture of unity may have set the establishment for an effective merger between the two associations. References Etten, P. V. (1999). Camelot or presence of mind? The rationale behind the UCSF/Stanford merger.Health Affairs, 18(2), 143â€148. doi:10. 1377/hlthaff. 18. 2. 143 Kahneman, D. , and Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263. doi:10. 2307/1914185 Leading by Leveraging Culture †Harvard Business Review. (n. d. ). Recovered October 16, 2012, from http://hbr. organization/item/driving by-utilizing society/a/CMR260-PDF-ENG Pfeffer, J. , and Salancik, G. (2003). The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective. Stanford University Press. Simon, H. A. (1997). Models of Bounded Rational ity, Vol. 3: Emperically Grounded Economic Reason.The MIT Press. UCSF-Stanford Merger: A Promising Venture. (n. d. ). SFGate. Recovered October 16, 2012, from http://www. sfgate. com/sentiment/article/UCSF-Stanford-Merger-A-Promising-Venture-2975174. php#src=fb UCSF, Stanford emergency clinics just excessively extraordinary. (n. d. ). Recovered October 16, 2012, from http://www. paloaltoonline. com/week by week/mortuary/news/1999_Nov_3. HOSP03. html â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€ Fall 16 PM 827 A1 Strategic Management Of Healthcare Organizations UCSF Stanford Healthcare †Why They Merged and Why The Merger Was Unsuccessful Sofia Gabriela Walton Mini Exam #1 08

Seagulls

Seagulls Criticism is inevitableâ€"unless you do nothing important with your life. But whenever you put yourself out there, whenever you expose your ideas to the worldâ€"be it via social media, blogs, or business meetingsâ€"youre effectively wearing a sign that says criticize me. Of course, some criticism is beneficial: feedback from people we respect helps us grow. Other criticism, however, is toxic: the most virulent example is the cynical Internet Troll. These critics are like seagulls: they fly in, shit all over you, and fly away. Theyre too stupid to understand the implications of their own actions. Truth be told, most critics bring nothing to the table: they simply project their own insecurities and add zero value to the conversation. And if we listen to them, their toxicity permeates our thoughts, making it difficult to create anything worthwhile. So, you have two choices: either create and be criticized, or hide from meaningful work because youre scared of a little bird poop. Personally, Id rather cover my head and craft something worth criticizing. If you find value in The Minimalists, consider donating a dollar.